# References and further reading

Cosmic Web Simulator is an original educational implementation. It does not include source code from the publications below. The references provide the physical and numerical context for the methods and scenario-specific explanations.

## Gravity and N-body methods

- Barnes, J. & Hut, P. (1986), “A hierarchical O(N log N) force-calculation algorithm,” *Nature*, 324, 446–449. DOI: 10.1038/324446a0.
- Hockney, R. W. & Eastwood, J. W. (1988), *Computer Simulation Using Particles*, CRC/IOP.
- Springel, V. (2005), “The cosmological simulation code GADGET-2,” *MNRAS*, 364, 1105–1134. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09655.x.
- Binney, J. & Tremaine, S. (2008), *Galactic Dynamics*, 2nd ed., Princeton University Press.

## Cosmological initial conditions and structure formation

- Zel’dovich, Ya. B. (1970), “Gravitational instability: an approximate theory for large density perturbations,” *A&A*, 5, 84–89.
- Eisenstein, D. J. & Hu, W. (1998), “Baryonic Features in the Matter Transfer Function,” *ApJ*, 496, 605–614. DOI: 10.1086/305424.
- Viel, M., Lesgourgues, J., Haehnelt, M. G., Matarrese, S. & Riotto, A. (2005), “Constraining warm dark matter candidates including sterile neutrinos and light gravitinos with WMAP and the Lyman-alpha forest,” *Phys. Rev. D*, 71, 063534. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.71.063534.
- Komatsu, E. et al. (2011), “Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Observations: Cosmological Interpretation,” *ApJS*, 192, 18. DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/18.
- Planck Collaboration VI (2020), “Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters,” *A&A*, 641, A6; erratum 652, C4. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833910.

## SPH and astrophysical fluid dynamics

- Lucy, L. B. (1977), “A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis,” *AJ*, 82, 1013–1024. DOI: 10.1086/112164.
- Gingold, R. A. & Monaghan, J. J. (1977), “Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: theory and application to non-spherical stars,” *MNRAS*, 181, 375–389. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/181.3.375.
- Monaghan, J. J. (1992), “Smoothed particle hydrodynamics,” *ARA&A*, 30, 543–574. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.aa.30.090192.002551.
- Price, D. J. (2012), “Smoothed particle hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics,” *J. Comput. Phys.*, 231, 759–794. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.12.011.
- Agertz, O. et al. (2007), “Fundamental differences between SPH and grid methods,” *MNRAS*, 380, 963–978. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12183.x.
- Federrath, C. et al. (2010), “Comparing the statistics of interstellar turbulence in simulations and observations,” and associated sink-particle methodology literature. For sink creation criteria, consult the implementation-specific primary paper before extending this application.

## Finite-volume, Riemann, and moving-mesh methods

- Toro, E. F. (2009), *Riemann Solvers and Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics*, 3rd ed., Springer. DOI: 10.1007/b79761.
- Springel, V. (2010), “E pur si muove: Galilean-invariant cosmological hydrodynamical simulations on a moving mesh,” *MNRAS*, 401, 791–851. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15715.x.
- LeVeque, R. J. (2002), *Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems*, Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511791253.

## Free-surface SPH

- Monaghan, J. J. (1994), “Simulating free surface flows with SPH,” *J. Comput. Phys.*, 110, 399–406. DOI: 10.1006/jcph.1994.1034.
- Morris, J. P., Fox, P. J. & Zhu, Y. (1997), “Modeling low Reynolds number incompressible flows using SPH,” *J. Comput. Phys.*, 136, 214–226. DOI: 10.1006/jcph.1997.5776.

## Supernovae and compact remnants

- Sedov, L. I. (1959), *Similarity and Dimensional Methods in Mechanics*, Academic Press.
- Taylor, G. (1950), “The formation of a blast wave by a very intense explosion,” *Proc. R. Soc. A*, 201, 159–174. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1950.0049.
- Fryer, C. L., Belczynski, K., Wiktorowicz, G., Dominik, M., Kalogera, V. & Holz, D. E. (2012), “Compact Remnant Mass Function: Dependence on the Explosion Mechanism and Metallicity,” *ApJ*, 749, 91. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/91.
- Ertl, T., Janka, H.-T., Woosley, S. E., Sukhbold, T. & Ugliano, M. (2016), “A Two-parameter Criterion for Classifying the Explodability of Massive Stars by the Neutrino-driven Mechanism,” *ApJ*, 818, 124. DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/124.
- Sukhbold, T., Ertl, T., Woosley, S. E., Brown, J. M. & Janka, H.-T. (2016), “Core-collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-powered Explosions,” *ApJ*, 821, 38. DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/38.

## Numerical experimentation and verification

- Roache, P. J. (1998), *Verification and Validation in Computational Science and Engineering*, Hermosa.
- Oberkampf, W. L. & Roy, C. J. (2010), *Verification and Validation in Scientific Computing*, Cambridge University Press.

## Web platform references

- WHATWG HTML Standard, Web Workers and `navigator.hardwareConcurrency`.
- W3C Device Memory API.
- W3C WebAssembly and WebGPU specifications.
- GitHub Pages and GitHub Actions official documentation.

When citing a result generated with this application, also record the Cosmic Web Simulator release tag, configuration JSON, seed, and the relevant limitations in [SCIENTIFIC_SCOPE.md](SCIENTIFIC_SCOPE.md).